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  4. Numbers, Dates & Quantities
B1~45 min

Numbers, Dates & Quantities

Getallen, datums en hoeveelheden

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Exam relevant: This topic is covered in the Staatsexamen NT2 (Programma I — B1 level).

Cardinal Numbers and Large Numbers

Dutch numbers follow specific patterns. Compound numbers (21–99) are formed with the unit first, then "en", then the tens: "eenentwintig" (21), "drieëndertig" (33).

While basic numbers 1–20 must be memorised, larger numbers follow a predictable pattern. In Dutch, unlike English, the unit comes before the ten in compound numbers: 21 = één-en-twintig (one and twenty). Numbers in the hundreds and thousands follow standard additive patterns.

Key number patterns

RangePatternExamples
1–20Irregular, must memoriseéén, twee, drie … tien, elf, twaalf … twintig
21–99unit + en + tenseenentwintig (21), tweeënveertig (42), negenenvijftig (59)
100shonderd + numberhonderd (100), tweehonderd (200), driehonderdvijf (305)
1000sduizend + numberduizend (1000), vijfduizend (5000), tienduizend (10,000)
Millionsmiljoeneneen miljoen (1,000,000), twee miljoen
Ordinalsadd -de or -steeerste (1st), tweede (2nd), derde (3rd), vierde (4th), twintigste (20th)

Note: "één" uses an accent only when it could be confused with "een" (a/an). In isolation or for emphasis, write "één".

Ordinal numbers

CardinalOrdinalRule
één (1)eersteIrregular
twee (2)tweede-de
drie (3)derdeIrregular
vier (4)vierde-de
acht (8)achtste-ste (not -de after t/d/s/x)
negen (9)negende-de
twintig (20)twintigste-ste
honderd (100)honderdste-ste

Most numbers take -de. Numbers ending in -t, -d, -s, -x take -ste.

The ë in two-digit numbers

When a number compound would put two vowels together, Dutch adds a diaeresis (ë) for clarity: • twee + en + twintig → tweeëntwintig (22) • drie + en + dertig → drieëndertig (33) But: eenentwintig (21) — no diaeresis needed because "ee" is a single vowel sound.

Common Mistakes

✗twintig-en-twee
✓tweeëntwintig

Dutch compounds put the unit first: two-and-twenty, not twenty-two.

✗één miljoen euro's
✓één miljoen euro

"Miljoen" takes no plural marker when preceded by a number. "Euro" also does not pluralise after numbers in formal contexts.

✗de tweeende
✓de tweede

The ordinal of twee is "tweede", not "tweeende".

Dates, Years, and Time Expressions

Dutch dates are written and spoken as: day (ordinal) + month + year. Time uses a 24-hour clock in formal contexts and a 12-hour clock in conversation.

Dates in Dutch always use ordinal numbers for the day: "de vijftiende maart" (the 15th of March). Years are read as two pairs: 1985 = negentienhonderdvijfentachtig; years from 2000 are often read as tweeduizend + number. Time expressions include quarter-past, half, and quarter-to patterns that differ significantly from English.

Date format

ComponentFormatExample
DayOrdinal numberde vijftiende (15th)
MonthMonth namemaart (March)
YearCardinal numbertweeduizend-vier-en-twintig (2024)
Full date (spoken)de [day] [month] [year]de vijftiende maart tweeduizendvierentwintig
Full date (written)DD-MM-YYYY or DD/MM/YYYY15-03-2024 or 15 maart 2024

Telling the time

TimeDutch expressionLiteral meaning
3:00drie uurthree o'clock
3:15kwart over driequarter past three
3:30half vierhalf four (= halfway to four)
3:45kwart voor vierquarter to four
3:10tien over drieten past three
3:20tien voor half vierten to half four (= 20 past three)
3:40tien over half vierten past half four (= 20 to four)

IMPORTANT: "half vier" = 3:30 (halfway towards four), NOT 4:30. This is a common trap for English speakers.

Dates and times in context

De vergadering is op maandag de zesde juni.

The meeting is on Monday the 6th of June.

Hij is geboren op vijftien augustus negentienhonderdnegentig.

He was born on the 15th of August 1990.

De trein vertrekt om half acht.

The train departs at 7:30.

Ik ben er kwart voor negen.

I'll be there at 8:45.

"Half" in Dutch time — a major difference from English

"Half [hour]" in Dutch means HALF BEFORE that hour, not half past: • half twee = 1:30 (half before two) • half zeven = 6:30 (half before seven) • half twaalf = 11:30 (half before twelve) This is one of the most common mistakes English speakers make in Dutch. Always subtract 30 minutes from the hour mentioned.

Quantities, Measurements, and Approximations

Dutch uses specific quantity words and phrases for expressing amounts, measurements, and approximate numbers.

Quantity expressions in Dutch include both precise measurements and approximate modifiers. Learning these expressions is essential for practical language use in shopping, cooking, giving directions, and professional communication.

Quantity and measurement vocabulary

DutchEnglishExample
een kilo(gram)a kilogrameen kilo appels
een pondhalf a kilogram (≈500g)een pond gehakt
een litera litretwee liter melk
een metera metredrie meter stof
een stuk of …about … (roughly)een stuk of tien mensen
ongeveerapproximatelyongeveer vijftig euro
meer danmore thanmeer dan honderd deelnemers
minder danfewer than / less thanminder dan een uur
bijnaalmost / nearlybijna klaar
well over / comfortablyruim driehonderd euro

Fractions and percentages

DutchEnglish
een half / de helfta half / half of it
een derdea third
een kwarta quarter
driekwartthree quarters
tien procentten percent
anderhalfone and a half
tweeëneenhalftwo and a half

Quantities in everyday use

Er waren een stuk of dertig mensen op het feest.

There were around 30 people at the party.

Het kost ruim vijfhonderd euro.

It costs well over five hundred euros.

Ze zijn al bijna anderhalf jaar samen.

They've been together for nearly one and a half years.

Meer dan de helft van de studenten is geslaagd.

More than half of the students passed.

Workplace Context

Scenario: Reporting figures in a business meeting

De omzet is gestegen met ruim tien procent.

Revenue has increased by well over ten percent.

Er zijn meer dan tweehonderd sollicitaties ontvangen.

More than two hundred applications have been received.

Het project duurt naar schatting anderhalf jaar.

The project will take approximately one and a half years.

Bijna een derde van de medewerkers werkt hybride.

Almost a third of employees work hybrid.